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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+53.3%
€114.34
vs €74.60 price
Levered DCF
€139.84
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
5.18
Safe zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E49.36×61.58×54.41×34.34×96.41×71.9×53.45×48.23×
P/B11.54×11.93×11.79×8.5×24.78×17.27×19.49×14.73×
P/S9×10.86×10.33×6.93×19.12×11.69×12.2×7.97×
EV / EBITDA29.17×35.77×32.38×21.1×58.59×40.78×34.49×29.76×
Gross margin49.4%59.3%46.8%59.6%59.3%50.4%52.5%52.5%
Operating margin25.1%23.5%23.4%24.7%25.2%20.5%22.2%21.2%
Net margin18.2%17.6%18.9%20.2%19.8%16.2%22.8%16.6%
Current ratio0.76×0.77×1.04×0.81×0.68×0.8×1.09×0.91×
Debt / equity0.44×0.63×0.1×0.23×0.37×0.49×0.74×0.52×
Interest coverage15.83×13.99×60.88×75.51×62.77×41.13×39.06×87.01×
Dividend yield0.6%0.5%0.6%0.8%0.3%0.5%0.5%0.8%
Payout ratio29.2%31.6%32.2%27.8%25.7%33.4%24.5%37.8%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity23.4%19.4%21.6%24.8%25.6%24.0%36.5%30.6%
Return on invested capital15.0%11.3%17.8%18.8%17.8%15.0%15.6%24.0%
Return on assets10.0%8.2%12.7%13.5%12.8%10.9%14.8%13.2%
Free cash flow yield3.4%2.7%2.7%3.5%1.6%2.1%2.1%2.4%
Earnings yield2.0%1.6%1.8%2.9%1.0%1.4%1.9%2.1%
Enterprise value€10.9B€11.2B€8.6B€5.5B€13.1B€7B€6.8B€3.7B
Net debt / EBITDA0.41×1.17×-0.72×-0.18×0.17×0.34×0.25×0.08×
Cash conversion cycle (days)4136392727312528