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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-52.0%
€13.74
vs €28.65 price
Levered DCF
€21.70
After debt service
Piotroski score
8 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
3.99
Safe zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E102.16×-101.08×17.22×17.49×18.77×63.61×13.31×22.84×
P/B2.04×1.26×2.92×3.97×4.77×7.66×4.02×3.83×
P/S0.78×0.45×1.08×1.29×2.2×3.87×1.5×1.19×
EV / EBITDA14.59×13.11×10.55×11.58×12.9×32.65×9.04×10.95×
Gross margin5.9%10.0%16.0%13.3%18.6%15.4%19.6%12.4%
Operating margin2.6%0.1%7.3%9.4%13.4%7.1%14.1%6.9%
Net margin0.8%-0.5%6.3%7.3%11.7%6.1%11.3%5.2%
Current ratio1.89×1.73×2.1×1.92×1.95×2.17×2.31×1.84×
Debt / equity0.71×0.69×0.48×0.31×0.25×0.22×0.22×0.25×
Interest coverage3.19×0.16×13.9×42.28×39.67×18×44.58×21.35×
Dividend yield1.0%9.9%4.7%1.9%1.8%1.7%2.4%2.5%
Payout ratio106.9%-970.5%81.5%33.4%34.7%110.0%32.6%55.9%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity2.0%-1.3%16.9%22.7%25.4%12.0%30.2%16.8%
Return on invested capital2.7%0.2%11.5%17.2%19.4%9.6%25.0%13.4%
Return on assets0.9%-0.6%9.0%12.7%14.3%7.3%18.3%9.5%
Free cash flow yield5.5%-4.0%3.4%-1.7%3.1%2.9%3.7%6.0%
Earnings yield1.0%-1.0%5.8%5.7%5.3%1.6%7.5%4.4%
Enterprise value€18.7B€13.5B€27.2B€34.4B€33.5B€45.2B€23.6B€17.7B
Net debt / EBITDA2.97×4.07×0.97×0.45×0.07×-0.18×-0.07×0×
Cash conversion cycle (days)5355625864225242