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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+160.9%
€7.91
vs €3.03 price
Levered DCF
€8.39
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.56
Distress zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E15.7×8.98×9.1×6.27×13.96×16.67×14.96×11.61×
P/B1.58×1.88×1.92×1.95×2.28×1.73×2.49×2.18×
P/S1.13×1.22×1.29×1×1.49×1.28×1.52×1.53×
EV / EBITDA8.77×5.85×6.01×4.14×8.56×8.53×8.64×7.4×
Gross margin28.7%57.6%54.9%62.8%60.4%57.6%58.2%36.2%
Operating margin8.9%18.1%18.8%23.3%14.4%10.1%13.8%17.9%
Net margin7.3%13.7%14.1%15.9%10.7%7.9%10.0%13.3%
Current ratio1.41×1.24×1.42×1.47×1.33×1.12×1.36×1.31×
Debt / equity0.68×0.75×0.55×0.62×0.85×1.01×0.91×0.64×
Interest coverage4.24×8.77×12.37×31.59×14.29×8.26×12.84×18.88×
Dividend yield7.8%5.9%7.9%5.4%6.3%11.2%7.8%7.7%
Payout ratio121.0%52.3%72.7%33.5%87.3%181.6%118.8%88.8%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity10.2%21.2%20.9%31.2%16.4%10.6%16.4%19.0%
Return on invested capital5.5%11.6%12.7%19.7%8.8%5.5%8.7%11.3%
Return on assets4.5%8.6%9.8%13.5%6.8%4.3%6.6%8.8%
Free cash flow yield4.3%6.6%6.4%17.5%10.5%14.5%7.8%-13.3%
Earnings yield6.5%11.2%10.9%16.0%7.2%6.1%6.6%8.7%
Enterprise value€3.1B€3.3B€3.1B€2.9B€3B€2.5B€3.3B€3.3B
Net debt / EBITDA2.39×1.3×1.09×0.63×1.83×2.5×1.99×1.55×
Cash conversion cycle (days)1107175101786768149