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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+792.4%
€41.94
vs €4.70 price
Levered DCF
€29.20
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.84
Grey zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E17.06×13.69×20×27.6×30.6×30.48×31.82×19.44×
P/B1.52×1.62×1.84×2.28×2.39×1.89×2.47×1.7×
P/S0.41×0.41×0.42×0.54×0.74×0.69×0.86×0.66×
EV / EBITDA3.54×3.56×4.39×6.2×6.6×5.28×8.3×6.8×
Gross margin28.0%26.8%16.4%10.8%9.5%10.8%13.7%18.6%
Operating margin3.2%3.8%3.9%4.0%4.5%5.0%2.9%5.2%
Net margin2.4%3.0%2.1%2.0%2.4%2.3%2.7%3.5%
Current ratio1.33×1.38×1.36×1.41×1.71×1.91×1.7×1.94×
Debt / equity0.24×0.27×0.35×0.37×0.29×0.33×0.19×0×
Interest coverage13.36×6.5×4.9×16.57×16.49×13.22×10.72×466.29×
Dividend yield1.7%1.7%2.6%2.9%2.6%0.0%2.3%2.8%
Payout ratio29.2%23.7%52.4%79.3%79.9%0.0%71.8%54.1%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity8.9%11.9%9.1%8.3%7.8%6.2%7.9%8.8%
Return on invested capital4.8%7.1%6.7%6.0%6.2%5.5%3.6%8.6%
Return on assets3.7%4.5%3.0%2.8%3.1%2.5%3.4%4.5%
Free cash flow yield11.0%15.6%13.8%3.3%8.2%18.3%4.7%5.9%
Earnings yield5.9%7.3%4.9%3.7%3.3%3.3%3.2%5.2%
Enterprise value€46M€45.5M€49M€60.2M€57.2M€43.9M€56.3M€29.9M
Net debt / EBITDA-0.68×-0.7×-0.53×-0.53×-1.76×-1.89×-0.83×-2.74×
Cash conversion cycle (days)6055546868678183