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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+673.9%
€646.99
vs €83.60 price
Levered DCF
€121.35
After debt service
Piotroski score
4 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
-0.23
Distress zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E14.49×13.02×11.93×14.94×13.81×24.25×15.7×14.08×
P/B1.23×1.2×1.18×1.02×0.97×0.98×1.14×1.13×
P/S3.94×3.24×3.31×4.82×5.11×4.61×4.74×4.92×
EV / EBITDA19.57×16.99×16.05×22.62×18.2×24.65×25.26×22.77×
Gross margin67.6%60.6%61.5%82.0%93.1%87.5%82.9%84.2%
Operating margin34.9%31.3%34.8%39.3%44.7%26.1%38.7%42.0%
Net margin27.2%24.8%27.8%32.3%37.0%19.0%30.1%34.9%
Current ratio0.14×0.17×0.17×18.7×18.02×8.89×1.59×0.06×
Debt / equity1.77×1.77×1.79×1.79×1.78×1.72×1.66×1.63×
Interest coverage1.08×0.8×0.9×2.19×6.52×2.08×2.27×2.66×
Dividend yield1.5%1.4%1.1%1.0%0.8%0.2%1.1%1.0%
Payout ratio21.9%18.7%13.4%14.6%11.3%5.2%18.1%14.1%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity8.5%9.2%9.9%6.8%7.1%4.0%7.3%8.1%
Return on invested capital3.0%3.2%3.4%3.9%3.0%2.1%5.1%2.9%
Return on assets1.3%1.3%1.4%0.9%0.8%0.5%0.9%1.0%
Free cash flow yield1.9%7.6%10.0%-52.0%63.7%52.8%-8.9%-2.3%
Earnings yield6.9%7.7%8.4%6.7%7.2%4.1%6.4%7.1%
Enterprise value€10.7B€9.4B€8.6B€7.7B€4.7B€6.1B€7.9B€6.9B
Net debt / EBITDA9.71×8.09×7.59×11.92×5.75×12.63×14.45×12.32×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-108-90-94-6,701-39,562-10,851-1,970-968