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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+288.8%
€106.92
vs €27.50 price
Levered DCF
€65.00
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
3.22
Safe zone
Rating
A+
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E10.15×9.8×15.16×85×22.16×24.74×20.4×16.04×
P/B1.77×1.86×2.01×2.46×3.61×3.79×3.27×2.8×
P/S0.98×0.92×0.92×1.18×2.3×2.42×2.09×1.7×
EV / EBITDA6.03×5.18×6.98×7.53×11.6×12.13×10.58×9.06×
Gross margin41.7%40.6%37.4%37.7%41.7%50.8%51.0%50.3%
Operating margin12.1%12.4%8.7%-2.9%12.9%13.6%12.8%13.0%
Net margin9.6%9.4%6.1%1.4%10.4%9.8%10.2%10.6%
Current ratio1.47×1.35×1.28×1.28×1.26×1.31×1.25×1.14×
Debt / equity0.12×0.03×0.02×0.01×0.01×0.01×0.01×0.02×
Interest coverage42.09×68.16×61.64×-25.2×100.4×64.57×124.44×35.09×
Dividend yield4.2%4.1%4.4%3.7%2.2%2.1%2.2%2.5%
Payout ratio42.2%40.4%66.2%316.8%48.6%51.2%45.0%40.6%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity17.4%19.0%13.3%2.9%16.3%15.3%16.0%17.4%
Return on invested capital14.9%17.7%12.5%-2.3%15.3%14.9%14.8%16.5%
Return on assets10.5%11.4%7.8%1.6%9.8%9.6%10.5%11.2%
Free cash flow yield4.1%7.7%0.4%4.3%5.5%3.4%4.2%4.7%
Earnings yield9.9%10.2%6.6%1.2%4.5%4.0%4.9%6.2%
Enterprise value€635.4M€564.1M€555.9M€629.2M€1B€962.9M€823M€640.3M
Net debt / EBITDA-0.13×-0.37×-0.31×-0.68×-0.64×-0.52×-0.39×-0.2×
Cash conversion cycle (days)7573717677-215142