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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+147.4%
€114.52
vs €46.29 price
Levered DCF
€35.27
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
1.81
Grey zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E97.06×14.83×14.12×17.42×18.62×23.78×26.87×24.12×
P/B1.81×2.31×3.34×5.04×3.28×3.72×4.31×15.27×
P/S1.15×1.33×1.79×2.28×2.27×2.62×2.64×2.91×
EV / EBITDA8.06×6.21×7.03×8.9×8.86×10.21×10.57×13.03×
Gross margin17.5%25.8%28.6%28.0%26.7%25.4%26.1%28.3%
Operating margin4.4%13.4%17.3%17.5%16.1%15.3%15.6%16.6%
Net margin1.2%9.0%12.7%13.2%12.2%11.0%9.8%12.1%
Current ratio1.41×1.41×1.48×1.22×1.42×1.34×1.12×0.93×
Debt / equity0.49×0.49×0.48×0.56×0.42×0.41×0.44×1.19×
Interest coverage33.21×103.15×137.76×235.36×47.08×63.42×61.05×0×
Dividend yield5.1%3.9%6.8%3.9%2.5%2.4%3.1%2.9%
Payout ratio487.5%58.5%94.9%67.8%46.2%57.0%82.0%69.3%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity1.9%15.6%23.8%29.1%17.6%15.6%16.0%63.3%
Return on invested capital2.6%8.5%12.1%13.4%9.1%8.5%9.2%10.4%
Return on assets0.8%6.7%10.2%10.4%7.8%7.0%6.6%8.2%
Free cash flow yield1.2%4.9%4.0%6.0%4.5%1.8%2.0%0.9%
Earnings yield1.0%6.7%7.1%5.8%5.4%4.2%3.7%4.1%
Enterprise value€47.9B€58.2B€77B€91.6B€80.2B€79B€79.3B€78.4B
Net debt / EBITDA1.07×0.53×0.41×0.56×0.56×0.49×0.55×0.54×
Cash conversion cycle (days)5960716659684926