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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-11.0%
€63.93
vs €71.80 price
Levered DCF
€51.33
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
9.31
Safe zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E25.98×31.45×42.41×39.94×53.1×25.93×26.9×17.5×
P/B7.28×8.41×10.02×11.83×16.19×9.65×8.05×6.1×
P/S3.95×4.5×5.4×7.23×10.71×6.22×4.21×3.19×
EV / EBITDA15.25×16.6×20.94×24.31×35.64×24.48×16.77×11.17×
Gross margin22.6%71.3%48.4%36.2%47.2%36.4%33.6%29.4%
Operating margin23.0%23.6%23.1%27.6%27.4%22.6%22.8%25.5%
Net margin15.2%14.3%12.7%18.0%20.2%24.1%15.7%18.3%
Current ratio2.35×2.38×2.12×2.28×3.31×3.63×2.29×2.63×
Debt / equity0.29×0.39×0.51×0.35×0.14×0.04×0.23×0.22×
Interest coverage27.86×15.94×19.58×69.19×78.21×53.95×177.88×189.15×
Dividend yield1.8%1.6%1.4%1.1%0.9%1.2%2.1%2.1%
Payout ratio48.0%49.2%60.1%45.5%47.1%31.6%57.3%37.3%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity28.0%26.7%23.6%29.5%30.5%37.3%30.0%35.0%
Return on invested capital20.1%17.6%14.4%19.0%24.7%31.7%22.7%26.9%
Return on assets16.0%14.1%11.4%15.0%19.3%27.2%17.3%20.6%
Free cash flow yield3.2%3.1%-0.2%-1.4%2.1%2.9%3.1%3.8%
Earnings yield3.8%3.2%2.4%2.5%1.9%3.9%3.7%5.7%
Enterprise value€521.6M€531.4M€554.3M€598.2M€706.9M€349.2M€219.2M€139.5M
Net debt / EBITDA0.06×0.27×0.34×-0.18×-1.16×-1.04×-0.56×-0.77×
Cash conversion cycle (days)3115461547514361