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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+47.5%
€3.01
vs €2.04 price
Levered DCF
€0.39
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.13
Distress zone
Rating
B-
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E18.96×11.47×11.38×11.67×16.88×30.79×21.15×18.2×
P/B1.63×1.85×2.52×2.38×2.54×2.59×2.56×1.66×
P/S0.43×0.45×0.53×0.48×0.61×0.73×0.65×0.47×
EV / EBITDA4.87×4.58×4.63×4.71×5.79×7.36×6.29×5.27×
Gross margin12.7%22.6%26.0%23.9%21.2%22.8%23.3%23.6%
Operating margin4.5%8.7%9.1%7.6%6.7%5.4%6.9%6.7%
Net margin2.3%4.0%4.6%4.1%3.6%2.4%3.1%2.6%
Current ratio0.7×0.76×0.76×0.83×0.84×0.74×0.78×0.87×
Debt / equity1.76×1.63×1.49×1.46×1.59×1.76×1.63×1.64×
Interest coverage1.39×2.79×3.87×5.13×3.87×2.35×3.3×2.51×
Dividend yield4.4%8.9%7.6%5.4%3.9%3.4%5.3%3.0%
Payout ratio82.9%102.7%87.6%62.9%66.0%104.9%110.8%54.6%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity8.6%16.1%21.9%20.3%14.9%8.4%12.2%9.2%
Return on invested capital3.8%8.7%11.0%9.7%6.5%4.1%5.6%4.6%
Return on assets2.0%3.6%4.9%4.3%3.3%1.9%2.9%2.3%
Free cash flow yield11.4%-5.0%2.3%8.8%7.1%5.5%7.6%5.0%
Earnings yield5.3%8.7%8.7%8.5%5.9%3.2%4.8%5.5%
Enterprise value€1.2B€1.3B€1.5B€1.4B€1.4B€1.4B€1.4B€1.1B
Net debt / EBITDA2.3×1.87×1.37×1.27×1.57×2.25×1.94×2.17×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-24-38-49-65-72-79-59-42