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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+101.4%
€13.41
vs €6.66 price
Levered DCF
€15.07
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.47
Distress zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E11.72×11.64×10.27×9.52×20.37×103.75×11.68×12.91×
P/B0.99×1.01×0.9×0.75×1.24×1×1.09×1.24×
P/S0.92×0.86×0.74×0.6×1.15×1.03×0.97×1.07×
EV / EBITDA5.13×5.78×5.49×5.69×8.89×11.63×6.74×8.49×
Gross margin32.8%62.3%66.2%66.7%68.9%66.6%67.5%68.9%
Operating margin9.8%13.3%12.2%12.0%10.8%1.9%14.0%13.5%
Net margin7.3%6.9%7.2%6.3%5.7%1.0%8.2%8.3%
Current ratio1.45×1.28×1.18×1.32×1.18×1.57×1.09×1.22×
Debt / equity0.47×0.67×0.72×0.84×1.08×1.32×1.14×1.06×
Interest coverage4.21×3.83×3.45×5.09×4.67×0.64×5.49×5.11×
Dividend yield4.2%3.5%4.5%4.6%1.3%0.0%3.6%0.2%
Payout ratio52.1%43.7%46.5%44.4%26.4%0.0%42.4%1.9%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity7.9%8.1%8.7%7.8%6.2%1.0%9.3%9.7%
Return on invested capital4.3%6.3%5.8%5.1%3.6%0.5%4.7%5.8%
Return on assets3.7%3.4%3.5%3.0%2.2%0.3%3.2%3.3%
Free cash flow yield14.9%15.2%19.5%19.9%10.4%9.6%12.3%3.4%
Earnings yield8.0%8.0%9.7%10.4%5.0%1.0%8.5%7.8%
Enterprise value€7.7B€8.2B€7.6B€7.2B€9.5B€8B€8.9B€9B
Net debt / EBITDA0.96×1.65×1.95×2.53×3.18×5.2×2.85×3.23×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-43-44-56-10-43-122-33-62