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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+43.5%
€6.72
vs €4.69 price
Levered DCF
€1.50
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
2.38
Grey zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E9.18×16.33×10.22×6.6×4.15×4.43×23.53×10.56×
P/B0.64×0.65×0.66×0.65×1.2×0.97×0.61×0.6×
P/S0.44×0.48×0.52×0.43×0.7×0.49×0.27×0.26×
EV / EBITDA4.97×4.95×4.59×3.66×2.76×2.82×5.42×5.89×
Gross margin21.8%20.8%22.3%21.4%32.7%31.2%19.4%19.6%
Operating margin4.8%4.2%6.0%6.9%19.6%15.9%3.7%4.2%
Net margin4.8%2.8%5.1%6.5%16.8%11.0%1.1%2.4%
Current ratio1.6×1.71×2.06×2.11×2.01×1.67×1.51×1.17×
Debt / equity0.31×0.25×0.21×0.23×0.22×0.46×0.74×0.73×
Interest coverage5.53×4.35×6.26×13.25×37.88×16.2×2.87×3.07×
Dividend yield6.0%4.2%8.0%4.2%3.9%2.7%2.2%2.4%
Payout ratio55.3%72.2%81.1%27.6%16.1%12.0%52.1%26.3%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity6.9%3.8%6.5%9.8%29.0%21.8%2.6%5.6%
Return on invested capital5.0%3.6%5.2%6.6%20.8%15.7%2.2%4.2%
Return on assets4.2%2.4%4.4%6.4%17.8%10.9%1.1%2.4%
Free cash flow yield-5.9%22.9%9.2%-14.6%19.0%24.8%-3.2%-21.9%
Earnings yield10.8%5.8%9.9%15.1%24.1%22.5%4.2%9.3%
Enterprise value€230.1M€213M€209.6M€192M€289.5M€204.5M€171M€161.5M
Net debt / EBITDA1.23×0.8×0.65×0.41×-0.09×0.53×2.65×2.86×
Cash conversion cycle (days)12311611711085106101107