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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+47.7%
€47.05
vs €31.85 price
Levered DCF
€14.56
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.46
Distress zone
Rating
B-
Overall 2 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E15.87×14.12×16.68×15.81×16.8×16.4×15.67×14.09×
P/B2.89×2.71×3.23×2.92×3.96×3.09×3.33×2.91×
P/S0.69×0.62×0.81×0.79×1.01×0.89×1.14×1.04×
EV / EBITDA8.86×6.52×6.47×4.67×4.13×5.19×7.48×6.13×
Gross margin16.5%17.5%14.9%14.4%15.6%15.8%19.6%16.6%
Operating margin3.1%4.2%6.1%7.2%9.3%7.8%10.0%11.0%
Net margin4.3%4.4%4.8%5.0%6.0%5.4%7.2%7.3%
Current ratio0.37×0.7×0.84×3.3×0.54×0.93×0.96×1.25×
Debt / equity1.15×0.94×1.01×1×0.63×0.58×0.45×0.01×
Interest coverage3.19×5.05×3.78×7.73×12.32×22.13×25.47×82.5×
Dividend yield5.9%6.2%5.5%6.9%4.7%7.2%6.1%6.8%
Payout ratio93.5%87.2%91.3%108.4%78.8%118.8%96.0%96.6%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity18.2%19.2%19.4%18.5%23.6%18.9%21.2%20.6%
Return on invested capital3.3%5.4%7.2%3.1%11.3%8.4%9.8%13.9%
Return on assets2.0%2.1%2.3%2.3%3.2%4.4%7.2%8.5%
Free cash flow yield11.1%-1.1%4.1%-12.6%12.4%29.1%6.9%7.2%
Earnings yield6.3%7.1%6.0%6.3%6.0%6.1%6.4%7.1%
Enterprise value€2.7B€2.5B€2.7B€1.7B€1.7B€1.6B€2.5B€1.7B
Net debt / EBITDA2.06×1.53×1.19×-0.68×-2.24×-1×0.62×-1.06×
Cash conversion cycle (days)30362613731241012