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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-0.5%
€23.97
vs €24.09 price
Levered DCF
€18.59
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
0.03
Distress zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E12.56×8.84×7.01×7.87×9.54×8.95×9.83×6.51×
P/B2.01×1.52×1.3×1.33×1.24×0.94×1.36×1.12×
P/S1.32×1.31×0.67×0.37×0.47×0.36×0.4×0.31×
EV / EBITDA6.94×29.35×4.62×4.57×8.38×9.45×8×5.71×
Gross margin17.0%30.7%28.1%28.0%26.3%26.4%26.3%28.0%
Operating margin15.3%18.9%15.2%7.2%5.8%5.1%5.4%5.1%
Net margin10.5%14.8%9.5%5.0%5.0%4.0%4.1%4.7%
Current ratio0.5×0.54×0.51×0.52×0.51×0.53×0.49×0.47×
Debt / equity0.76×8.12×1.11×1.51×1.38×1.58×1.45×1.17×
Interest coverage15.64×5.44×78.38×46.76×9.61×31.75×30.07×25.84×
Dividend yield5.4%6.6%6.6%6.8%4.4%5.7%5.9%6.0%
Payout ratio67.9%58.4%45.9%50.8%42.0%50.8%57.7%39.2%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity16.0%17.2%18.6%17.7%13.0%10.5%13.8%17.3%
Return on invested capital1.1%1.0%1.2%0.9%0.7%0.6%0.7%0.7%
Return on assets0.8%0.7%0.7%0.6%0.6%0.4%0.6%0.7%
Free cash flow yield7.3%13.6%4.2%-5.3%22.8%11.4%2.9%22.6%
Earnings yield8.0%11.3%14.3%13.3%10.5%11.2%10.2%15.4%
Enterprise value€29.2B€107B€16.8B€16.3B€26.3B€23.1B€21.6B€12.4B
Net debt / EBITDA0.33×24.51×0.93×1.25×3.59×5.02×3.13×1.53×
Cash conversion cycle (days)344371212412111602