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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+19.6%
€22.25
vs €18.60 price
Levered DCF
€19.98
After debt service
Piotroski score
8 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
6.67
Safe zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E18.65×17.95×19.39×15.05×21.03×21.35×38.21×48.4×
P/B10.56×8.46×8.83×7.02×9.99×89.08×19.27×14.48×
P/S2.36×2.25×2.22×1.8×2.51×2.58×3.42×4.27×
EV / EBITDA12.07×11.53×12.36×10.4×13.86×14.54×21.15×26.31×
Gross margin23.2%37.7%35.3%36.1%36.8%36.5%35.3%34.6%
Operating margin17.0%17.0%15.6%15.9%16.5%17.4%13.5%13.1%
Net margin12.7%12.5%11.4%11.8%11.8%12.1%8.9%9.0%
Current ratio2.5×2.47×2.35×3.27×3.13×1.61×0.7×0.77×
Debt / equity1.65×1.31×1.44×1.62×1.68×19.24×3.39×2.11×
Interest coverage12.75×11.22×9.96×18.08×9.89×7.55×5.86×7.2×
Dividend yield5.6%3.7%3.8%4.8%7.4%8.1%0.5%0.0%
Payout ratio105.4%66.8%74.2%72.4%157.1%174.0%19.5%0.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity56.6%47.1%45.5%46.1%47.1%416.8%50.4%30.6%
Return on invested capital22.7%21.8%20.0%18.5%19.6%23.1%13.4%11.1%
Return on assets17.7%17.1%15.6%15.2%14.9%16.6%9.8%8.5%
Free cash flow yield6.7%4.9%7.1%8.9%0.8%5.5%3.7%1.3%
Earnings yield5.4%5.6%5.2%6.6%4.7%4.7%2.6%2.1%
Enterprise value€1.2B€976.4M€851.7M€629.1M€775M€737.3M€675.1M€662.3M
Net debt / EBITDA1.34×1.36×1.47×1.56×1.75×2.4×2.91×3.17×
Cash conversion cycle (days)109145125147174112135163