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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+37.8%
€78.13
vs €56.70 price
Levered DCF
€289.38
After debt service
Piotroski score
4 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
-0.35
Distress zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E10.03×6.19×2.68×1.43×6.65×7.51×6.32×5.75×
P/B0.65×0.34×0.33×0.29×0.59×0.41×0.57×0.62×
P/S1.26×0.48×0.44×0.43×1.23×0.87×1.03×1.08×
EV / EBITDA14.58×-5.83×-6.69×-8.85×-13.52×-15.09×-5.07×-5.17×
Gross margin92.1%65.4%64.2%81.3%81.6%80.2%77.0%78.9%
Operating margin26.5%22.0%24.8%35.6%26.0%18.7%24.8%25.9%
Net margin13.8%8.5%17.4%30.7%19.9%12.7%17.2%18.8%
Current ratio1.32×0.34×0.35×0.39×0.34×0.31×0.24×0.24×
Debt / equity2.36×1.16×1.01×0.87×0.86×0.86×0.79×0.81×
Interest coverage0.67×0.63×0.69×1.91×1.41×0.95×1.08×1.23×
Dividend yield4.8%9.3%7.0%2.4%6.3%2.2%5.8%4.7%
Payout ratio44.4%52.3%18.0%3.3%39.1%15.0%34.9%27.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity7.0%6.1%12.8%20.6%9.5%6.0%9.5%10.8%
Return on invested capital0.8%3.5%4.8%7.1%3.6%2.7%4.6%5.2%
Return on assets0.7%0.6%1.2%1.8%0.7%0.5%0.8%0.9%
Free cash flow yield20.4%-17.6%-41.9%405.6%86.3%259.0%53.6%99.4%
Earnings yield10.9%17.9%39.0%71.8%16.1%14.7%16.7%17.4%
Enterprise value€45B-€20.1B-€26.2B-€42.1B-€29.6B-€24.6B-€11.2B-€10.7B
Net debt / EBITDA10.51×-7.71×-8.25×-9.91×-17.41×-18.47×-8.4×-8.7×
Cash conversion cycle (days)00000000