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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+2.8%
€53.72
vs €52.25 price
Levered DCF
-€4.46
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.42
Grey zone
Rating
B-
Overall 2 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2026FY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019
P/E24.36×18.28×25.48×29.02×44.42×54.5×46.35×36.89×
P/B0.99×1.15×2.55×4.86×5.68×5.09×3.54×4.12×
P/S2.05×2.25×3.94×5.5×7.18×7.81×4.84×5.22×
EV / EBITDA12.32×11.6×16.23×19.6×27.35×30.36×21.78×21.14×
Gross margin65.8%70.6%71.2%68.6%65.6%64.0%62.8%63.1%
Operating margin17.7%21.4%24.4%28.3%24.4%23.5%21.0%23.4%
Net margin8.4%12.3%15.5%19.0%16.2%14.3%11.1%14.1%
Current ratio3.16×2.76×2.5×2.11×2.3×2.59×2.2×2.53×
Debt / equity0.4×0.39×0.4×0.35×0.28×0.33×0.51×0.36×
Interest coverage4.86×6.21×9.17×36.53×30.56×19.6×16.94×19.68×
Dividend yield3.1%1.9%3.2%1.3%1.0%0.1%2.7%0.2%
Payout ratio74.8%33.8%82.6%37.8%44.1%6.6%116.4%5.7%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2026FY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019
Return on equity4.1%6.3%10.0%16.7%12.8%9.3%8.1%11.2%
Return on invested capital4.3%5.5%7.9%12.8%9.9%7.2%6.2%9.1%
Return on assets2.3%3.5%5.5%9.2%7.1%5.2%4.1%6.1%
Free cash flow yield2.8%3.2%0.3%0.5%1.0%1.6%0.3%0.1%
Earnings yield4.1%5.5%3.9%3.4%2.3%1.8%2.3%2.7%
Enterprise value€2.6B€2.9B€5.4B€9.1B€9.8B€8.2B€5.4B€6.2B
Net debt / EBITDA3.26×2.71×1.97×1.15×0.98×1.16×1.81×1.16×
Cash conversion cycle (days)1,8781,9941,5029398771,0471,028867