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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-86.1%
€2.15
vs €15.41 price
Levered DCF
-€0.47
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
0.89
Distress zone
Rating
C-
Overall 1 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E16.31×24.26×11.65×13.22×15.1×14.58×13.58×14.89×
P/B1.56×1.73×1.49×1.83×2.82×2.63×2.75×3.13×
P/S4.95×5.59×3.9×4.35×5.25×4.55×4.82×5.39×
EV / EBITDA12.01×11.25×8.69×9.61×10.48×10.41×9.79×9.79×
Gross margin62.5%102.4%100.6%101.3%101.9%101.5%101.3%101.2%
Operating margin43.9%47.8%47.9%0.0%50.8%46.8%53.9%54.9%
Net margin30.5%23.1%33.4%33.0%34.9%31.3%35.6%36.2%
Current ratio1.23×1.18×1.06×1.02×0.97×1.31×0.79×1.25×
Debt / equity1.29×1.24×1.07×1.3×2.01×1.93×1.84×1.65×
Interest coverage5.57×5.3×8.17×0.01×8.67×6.95×7.47×7.43×
Dividend yield5.6%6.4%7.1%6.2%5.3%6.3%5.5%4.7%
Payout ratio91.1%155.4%82.6%81.8%79.2%91.2%74.3%70.3%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity9.6%7.1%12.8%13.9%18.7%18.1%20.3%21.0%
Return on invested capital3.9%4.4%6.0%0.0%6.2%6.1%7.1%7.8%
Return on assets3.3%2.4%4.8%4.5%4.9%4.8%5.6%6.3%
Free cash flow yield-4.8%-1.4%-5.8%11.8%10.2%9.2%5.4%6.1%
Earnings yield6.2%4.1%8.6%7.6%6.6%6.9%7.4%6.7%
Enterprise value€14.4B€14.4B€13.2B€14.2B€16B€15.2B€15.8B€15.3B
Net debt / EBITDA5.18×4.3×3.38×3.68×3.76×4.22×3.8×3.06×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-123,1418,0486,4893,7365,3584,0844,398