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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-97.4%
€0.14
vs €5.30 price
Levered DCF
€5.35
After debt service
Piotroski score
4 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
3.38
Safe zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020
P/E24.9×18.33×27.68×17.19×33.28×94.04×
P/B2.19×1.74×2.79×3.58×4.76×15.55×
P/S1.87×1.6×2.16×2.22×3.05×3.77×
EV / EBITDA15.49×10.33×15.25×11.46×17.45×29.98×
Gross margin57.4%61.0%60.9%62.5%58.3%59.7%
Operating margin7.5%9.9%10.0%15.0%11.8%8.4%
Net margin7.4%8.8%7.7%12.8%8.9%4.0%
Current ratio2.02×2.85×2.5×2.08×2.05×1.21×
Debt / equity0.36×0.23×0.28×0.48×0.71×3.11×
Interest coverage5.5×8.48×10.78×13.2×6.43×4.52×
Dividend yield1.8%2.2%1.7%1.3%0.9%0.0%
Payout ratio45.3%39.9%48.3%22.3%30.9%1.6%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020
Return on equity8.7%9.6%9.9%20.7%13.9%16.6%
Return on invested capital5.4%7.6%8.2%13.8%8.4%5.5%
Return on assets5.2%6.4%6.1%10.7%6.4%3.1%
Free cash flow yield0.0%-1.4%-3.8%-1.0%1.5%1.0%
Earnings yield4.0%5.5%3.5%5.8%2.9%1.1%
Enterprise value€153M€109.5M€142.8M€138.4M€145.8M€148.6M
Net debt / EBITDA1.68×0.4×0.81×0.64×0.42×4.28×
Cash conversion cycle (days)284286256217136164