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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+30.5%
€42.29
vs €32.40 price
Levered DCF
€149.02
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.7
Distress zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E17.6×12.99×11.03×7.82×7.71×79.68×15.6×12.26×
P/B1.45×1.53×1.51×1.22×2.38×3.03×2.72×2.42×
P/S0.45×0.53×0.51×0.37×0.73×0.87×0.77×0.63×
EV / EBITDA6.03×6.54×6.13×4.92×8.14×7×6.32×5.26×
Gross margin21.4%24.3%24.0%23.0%22.9%24.4%24.5%23.9%
Operating margin9.5%8.4%9.4%10.4%8.7%8.9%9.4%12.9%
Net margin2.6%4.1%4.6%4.7%9.5%1.1%4.8%5.1%
Current ratio1.46×1.85×2.23×1.96×1.79×1.76×1.85×1.48×
Debt / equity1.81×1.51×1.66×1.67×2.02×1.79×1.34×1.44×
Interest coverage3.69×3.01×3.47×5.47×6.83×3.72×3.55×4.12×
Dividend yield5.6%4.7%4.3%5.8%3.8%2.5%3.4%1.7%
Payout ratio98.8%61.3%47.1%45.3%29.3%196.6%55.3%21.3%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity8.2%11.8%13.7%15.6%30.9%3.8%16.9%19.8%
Return on invested capital6.5%6.2%6.3%6.6%6.5%5.6%7.9%11.3%
Return on assets1.9%3.1%3.4%3.8%6.2%0.8%4.2%4.5%
Free cash flow yield12.5%15.6%17.6%6.3%-18.4%8.3%11.0%14.0%
Earnings yield5.7%7.7%9.1%12.8%13.0%1.3%6.2%8.2%
Enterprise value€3B€3.1B€3.1B€2.4B€2.9B€2.5B€2.9B€2.6B
Net debt / EBITDA3.03×2.63×2.56×2.39×2.89×1.59×1.39×1.33×
Cash conversion cycle (days)118113121126119759474