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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-121.1%
-€208.28
vs €988.10 price
Levered DCF
€803.15
After debt service
Piotroski score
4 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.92
Grey zone
Rating
B-
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E101.5×37.23×23.23×17.02×12.36×3,731.9×13.16×11.28×
P/B14.09×6.1×3.92×2.87×1.49×1.98×2.07×1.7×
P/S7.11×2.53×1.81×1.26×0.64×0.64×0.7×0.56×
EV / EBITDA32.09×14.7×11.39×8.85×4.09×5.8×5.85×4.69×
Gross margin52.4%51.9%54.9%52.7%53.6%50.1%48.7%48.5%
Operating margin17.1%14.4%11.9%11.8%10.9%5.0%8.3%8.2%
Net margin7.0%7.4%7.5%7.4%5.1%0.0%5.4%5.0%
Current ratio1.2×1.21×1.3×1.42×1.49×1.5×1.52×1.46×
Debt / equity0.26×0.6×0.58×0.35×0.38×0.54×0.47×0.42×
Interest coverage14.67×10.42×7.69×23.56×20.47×7.33×11.33×12.87×
Dividend yield0.5%1.0%1.4%1.8%2.4%2.8%2.0%2.1%
Payout ratio53.0%34.6%35.0%30.2%29.9%10400.0%26.9%23.9%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity13.9%17.7%16.1%16.9%12.0%0.1%15.8%15.1%
Return on invested capital15.7%12.6%9.6%11.5%9.9%0.1%8.1%8.5%
Return on assets4.1%5.0%4.5%5.9%3.8%0.0%4.5%4.5%
Free cash flow yield2.0%4.0%2.7%-2.2%11.7%5.8%7.1%-1.0%
Earnings yield1.0%2.9%4.1%5.9%8.1%0.0%7.6%8.9%
Enterprise value€70.3B€26B€14.1B€8.5B€3.5B€3.7B€4.5B€3.6B
Net debt / EBITDA-0.17×0.7×0.86×0.44×-0.14×-0.01×0.1×0.17×
Cash conversion cycle (days)340321358224218200181143