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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+2.2%
€64.72
vs €63.30 price
Levered DCF
€50.34
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
7.18
Safe zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E23.09×23.58×18.3×9.67×26.74×34.45×34.37×49.86×
P/B4.89×5.64×5.78×3.71×8.68×5.62×4.18×3.11×
P/S4.37×4.23×3.76×2.36×6.3×5×3.53×2.95×
EV / EBITDA16.07×15.96×12.85×6.66×19.85×22.72×22.45×28.31×
Gross margin60.7%62.6%58.3%63.5%59.3%57.5%56.3%57.6%
Operating margin23.3%23.5%26.6%31.3%28.0%17.8%11.2%5.8%
Net margin18.9%17.9%20.5%24.4%23.6%14.5%10.3%5.9%
Current ratio3.14×3.14×2.55×2.12×2.66×2.97×2.98×2.9×
Debt / equity0.18×0.2×0.12×0.14×0.16×0.2×0.26×0.12×
Interest coverage60.84×76.4×234.06×301.35×200.63×69.67×46.22×24.52×
Dividend yield1.5%1.7%2.2%2.6%0.5%0.5%0.3%0.7%
Payout ratio34.1%41.2%40.5%25.5%13.8%15.9%11.3%33.3%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity21.1%23.9%31.6%38.4%32.5%16.3%12.2%6.2%
Return on invested capital16.5%19.7%27.8%33.1%27.7%13.7%9.6%5.3%
Return on assets14.7%16.5%21.3%22.7%20.9%10.6%7.7%4.4%
Free cash flow yield3.7%2.4%1.9%9.7%2.7%0.3%-3.7%-2.0%
Earnings yield4.3%4.2%5.5%10.4%3.7%2.9%2.9%2.0%
Enterprise value€3.3B€3.3B€3.2B€1.9B€4.1B€2.1B€1.4B€832.6M
Net debt / EBITDA0.12×0.42×0.16×-0.19×-0.13×0.22×0.28×-2.08×
Cash conversion cycle (days)362373306312295408285206