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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+105.6%
€73.61
vs €35.80 price
Levered DCF
€108.88
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.17
Grey zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E10.76×7.24×6.56×9.61×9.18×13.96×17.72×17.69×
P/B1.18×0.87×0.88×0.93×1.03×1.57×2.23×2.05×
P/S0.51×0.37×0.35×0.35×0.59×1×1.04×1.02×
EV / EBITDA6.43×5.38×5.03×7.41×6.39×10.32×12.23×12.93×
Gross margin9.7%25.6%25.4%9.5%11.9%13.2%10.9%25.9%
Operating margin7.5%9.0%9.7%6.9%8.4%9.2%7.9%7.9%
Net margin4.7%5.2%5.3%3.7%6.4%7.2%5.9%5.8%
Current ratio1.72×1.47×1.27×1.37×1.8×2.18×1.87×1.93×
Debt / equity0.79×0.79×0.89×0.9×0.62×0.62×0.74×0.71×
Interest coverage5.38×5.46×6.42×7.4×11.16×10.23×13.63×19.21×
Dividend yield6.6%11.4%8.5%7.5%3.1%5.1%2.8%3.8%
Payout ratio71.5%82.5%55.8%72.7%28.6%70.6%50.3%66.6%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity11.0%12.1%13.4%9.6%11.2%11.2%12.6%11.6%
Return on invested capital6.6%8.3%10.1%7.1%6.8%6.2%6.5%6.9%
Return on assets4.7%5.1%5.6%4.1%5.6%5.7%5.3%5.5%
Free cash flow yield8.5%16.8%12.0%6.3%3.3%8.1%4.4%2.1%
Earnings yield9.3%13.8%15.2%10.4%10.9%7.2%5.6%5.7%
Enterprise value€4.8B€4B€4.1B€4.2B€3.4B€4.4B€6.4B€5.3B
Net debt / EBITDA1.95×2.07×2.16×2.93×1.38×1.12×1.8×1.96×
Cash conversion cycle (days)3637424862494852