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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+38.0%
€47.66
vs €34.54 price
Levered DCF
€25.03
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
2.68
Grey zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E16.8×21.77×9.64×6.07×9.05×-15×17.43×18.6×
P/B1.84×1.31×1.35×1.06×1.19×1.03×0.85×0.66×
P/S0.51×0.38×0.39×0.3×0.37×0.31×0.26×0.21×
EV / EBITDA9.36×8.39×6.7×4.85×6.8×22.47×8.63×6.77×
Gross margin25.1%24.9%23.5%26.0%26.4%24.6%25.0%24.6%
Operating margin5.5%4.4%6.6%7.2%6.2%0.5%3.5%3.1%
Net margin3.0%1.8%4.0%4.9%4.1%-2.1%1.5%1.1%
Current ratio1.69×1.47×1.75×1.55×1.31×1.59×1.34×1.4×
Debt / equity0.94×0.85×0.76×0.67×0.72×0.8×0.83×0.61×
Interest coverage5.11×3.93×6.98×11.02×9.03×0.59×3.4×2.82×
Dividend yield3.6%4.9%4.9%4.1%2.6%0.0%3.7%4.5%
Payout ratio60.2%105.3%46.8%24.9%23.4%0.0%65.1%84.1%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity10.9%6.1%14.0%17.5%13.1%-6.9%4.8%3.6%
Return on invested capital6.7%4.2%9.1%10.9%8.4%0.9%3.7%2.7%
Return on assets4.1%2.4%5.7%7.1%5.2%-2.6%1.8%1.5%
Free cash flow yield6.6%10.2%10.5%12.7%11.2%15.3%12.0%5.9%
Earnings yield5.9%4.7%10.4%16.5%11.0%-6.7%5.7%5.4%
Enterprise value€14B€11.1B€10.7B€8.2B€8.1B€6.3B€6.6B€4.9B
Net debt / EBITDA2.72×2.9×2.04×1.56×2.28×8.45×3.92×2.85×
Cash conversion cycle (days)7371526267555758