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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+1074.2%
€669.31
vs €57.00 price
Levered DCF
€235.22
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.07
Grey zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E10.89×6.63×7.67×11.66×10.12×10.56×11.52×14.16×
P/B0.52×0.41×0.47×0.5×0.57×0.62×0.62×0.6×
P/S0.13×0.1×0.11×0.12×0.15×0.16×0.17×0.16×
EV / EBITDA3.92×2.56×3.23×3.55×3.67×3.51×4.39×5.87×
Gross margin33.9%33.8%32.5%4.3%5.2%4.9%4.4%34.4%
Operating margin2.3%2.9%3.1%3.5%4.3%4.0%3.7%3.7%
Net margin1.1%1.5%1.4%1.0%1.5%1.5%1.5%1.1%
Current ratio1.12×1.17×1.22×1.16×1.13×1.11×1.06×1.12×
Debt / equity0.74×0.7×0.75×0.68×0.73×0.84×0.85×0.82×
Interest coverage2.69×2.89×3.48×6.04×8.82×6.19×6.69×6.67×
Dividend yield3.1%3.1%2.4%2.6%3.2%0.2%1.6%2.5%
Payout ratio36.8%20.5%18.1%30.1%32.5%1.6%18.7%35.6%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity4.4%6.2%6.1%4.3%5.6%5.8%5.4%4.2%
Return on invested capital3.0%4.3%4.4%4.5%4.8%4.4%4.0%4.5%
Return on assets1.5%2.2%2.1%1.5%1.9%1.9%1.9%1.5%
Free cash flow yield6.8%19.6%11.0%8.4%8.6%22.4%3.7%3.7%
Earnings yield8.5%15.1%13.0%8.6%9.9%9.5%8.7%7.1%
Enterprise value€1.6B€1.2B€1.3B€1.3B€1.4B€1.4B€1.5B€1.4B
Net debt / EBITDA1.76×1.04×1.44×1.42×1.42×1.39×1.98×2.51×
Cash conversion cycle (days)613606362546041