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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+48.6%
€13.13
vs €8.84 price
Levered DCF
€25.65
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
3.8
Safe zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E22×19.83×23.56×21.56×23.31×22.65×25×24.45×
P/B1.88×1.8×2.17×2.6×2.57×2.25×2.47×2.43×
P/S2.14×1.91×2.23×2.56×2.67×2.64×2.44×2.31×
EV / EBITDA11.14×9.94×11.73×12.69×12.4×11.74×13.54×12.93×
Gross margin14.7%60.7%54.9%15.4%17.4%18.4%17.5%56.1%
Operating margin13.7%14.9%14.1%15.7%16.6%16.9%15.1%15.3%
Net margin9.7%9.8%9.4%11.8%11.4%11.6%9.8%9.4%
Current ratio3.54×2.32×3.62×3.34×3.53×3.34×2.89×2.2×
Debt / equity0.34×0.3×0.33×0.18×0.2×0.27×0.38×0.39×
Interest coverage10.61×8.69×8.87×29.66×35.71×20.06×32.99×28.54×
Dividend yield3.8%3.8%6.6%4.4%1.5%0.0%0.1%0.2%
Payout ratio83.9%75.3%157.0%94.5%34.7%0.0%3.4%4.6%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity8.6%9.2%9.2%12.0%11.0%9.9%9.9%9.9%
Return on invested capital6.4%8.0%7.6%10.4%9.8%8.1%7.8%8.1%
Return on assets5.4%5.9%5.7%8.4%7.5%6.5%5.9%5.8%
Free cash flow yield6.9%6.5%4.0%2.3%2.2%7.2%1.5%-0.7%
Earnings yield4.5%5.1%4.2%4.6%4.3%4.4%4.0%4.1%
Enterprise value€646.3M€641.3M€747.2M€920M€877.7M€724M€762.8M€683M
Net debt / EBITDA0.97×0.88×1.01×0.41×0.11×0.08×0.96×1.14×
Cash conversion cycle (days)246422369206192209210310