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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-415.2%
-€5.64
vs €1.79 price
Levered DCF
€5.48
After debt service
Piotroski score
8 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
2.07
Grey zone
Rating
A+
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E10×13.25×152.34×9.25×10.06×9.72×44.79×15.43×
P/B0.6×0.73×0.72×0.82×1.4×0.79×0.84×1.03×
P/S0.27×0.29×0.26×0.33×0.57×0.34×0.3×0.38×
EV / EBITDA1.86×-0.04×2.93×3.49×4.2×2.36×2.89×4.33×
Gross margin4.3%59.3%57.1%6.7%8.7%6.9%6.4%58.3%
Operating margin4.1%2.8%1.3%5.1%7.8%5.4%5.4%5.5%
Net margin2.7%2.2%0.2%3.5%5.7%3.5%0.7%2.5%
Current ratio2.14×2.06×1.93×1.86×2.13×2.26×2.02×2.01×
Debt / equity0.25×0.36×0.47×0.49×0.39×0.51×0.52×0.49×
Interest coverage8.35×6.7×3.68×16.15×27.2×16.73×16.77×18.51×
Dividend yield4.4%1.4%2.6%3.6%1.7%0.0%2.9%2.5%
Payout ratio44.4%19.1%391.0%33.7%17.7%0.0%130.2%38.6%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity6.0%5.5%0.5%8.8%13.8%8.2%1.9%6.7%
Return on invested capital4.8%3.2%0.2%5.0%8.3%4.3%2.6%5.6%
Return on assets3.0%2.6%0.2%3.6%5.9%3.3%0.7%2.6%
Free cash flow yield19.5%18.5%20.3%1.5%9.8%23.5%14.6%7.2%
Earnings yield10.0%7.5%0.7%10.7%9.9%10.5%2.2%6.5%
Enterprise value€92.8M€140.2M€153.4M€200.1M€260.8M€115.2M€152.2M€182.5M
Net debt / EBITDA-1.47×0.02×-0.5×-0.08×-1.06×-1.09×-0.28×-0.65×
Cash conversion cycle (days)90125146118969799116