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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+19.2%
€25.09
vs €21.05 price
Levered DCF
€31.49
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
2.33
Grey zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E13.66×8.69×8.56×6.53×15.19×37.33×37×12.04×
P/B1.41×1.28×1.45×0.91×1.51×1.71×1.1×1.81×
P/S0.4×0.36×0.32×0.26×0.45×0.53×0.26×0.45×
EV / EBITDA5.22×4.61×4.89×6.21×6.6×9.62×7.91×7.59×
Gross margin20.7%22.3%19.6%16.6%16.8%17.6%15.7%15.3%
Operating margin8.0%8.6%7.7%6.4%5.7%3.1%3.7%5.9%
Net margin2.9%4.1%3.8%3.9%2.9%1.4%0.7%3.7%
Current ratio2.45×1.68×2.26×1.85×2.37×2.48×1.37×2.89×
Debt / equity1.61×1.48×1.5×1.75×1×1.26×1.27×1.16×
Interest coverage3.52×3.71×3.98×6.82×8.68×3.23×5.56×7.71×
Dividend yield5.6%5.8%4.0%4.0%0.0%0.0%6.1%3.5%
Payout ratio75.7%49.9%34.1%26.0%0.0%0.0%227.5%42.4%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity10.4%14.8%16.9%13.9%9.9%4.6%2.9%15.0%
Return on invested capital6.5%7.4%8.1%5.4%5.0%2.9%2.5%7.0%
Return on assets3.1%4.5%4.8%4.1%3.6%1.5%0.9%4.9%
Free cash flow yield14.1%21.3%20.6%29.3%2.7%22.3%11.2%-0.0%
Earnings yield7.3%11.5%11.7%15.3%6.6%2.7%2.7%8.3%
Enterprise value€1.2B€1.1B€1.1B€926.4M€763.2M€712.4M€593.1M€799.5M
Net debt / EBITDA2.18×1.91×1.98×3.52×1.77×2.76×3.43×2.07×
Cash conversion cycle (days)6764564757455556