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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+107.8%
€144.62
vs €69.60 price
Levered DCF
€125.39
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.24
Grey zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E14.92×15.06×12.58×7.82×12.92×44.12×14.09×39.96×
P/B1.75×1.7×1.44×1.03×1.57×1.12×1.02×0.9×
P/S0.92×0.92×0.7×0.46×0.74×0.53×0.46×0.38×
EV / EBITDA7.19×7.09×5.94×4.71×6.78×8.03×6.79×8.14×
Gross margin27.2%27.2%26.4%25.5%26.4%24.8%25.5%25.4%
Operating margin10.7%10.7%10.4%10.1%10.0%7.3%7.9%7.4%
Net margin6.2%6.1%5.6%5.9%5.7%1.2%3.3%1.0%
Current ratio1.27×1.35×1.34×1.24×1.36×1.45×1.35×1.24×
Debt / equity0.72×0.71×0.67×0.63×0.68×0.87×0.79×0.78×
Interest coverage6.49×6.97×8.04×11.34×11.01×6.4×7.01×6.41×
Dividend yield2.5%2.4%3.0%3.5%2.1%0.0%3.6%4.4%
Payout ratio37.6%36.7%38.0%27.7%27.6%0.0%50.9%178.1%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity11.7%11.3%11.5%13.2%12.2%2.5%7.2%2.2%
Return on invested capital7.9%7.8%8.3%9.3%8.3%3.5%5.9%4.4%
Return on assets4.7%4.6%4.7%5.4%4.9%0.9%2.8%0.8%
Free cash flow yield8.1%8.1%12.1%16.3%9.2%17.3%10.0%9.8%
Earnings yield6.7%6.6%8.0%12.8%7.7%2.3%7.1%2.5%
Enterprise value€53.1B€52.2B€40.5B€31.7B€39.7B€27.2B€30.2B€27B
Net debt / EBITDA1.37×1.27×1.02×1.22×1.23×2.09×2.34×3.34×
Cash conversion cycle (days)5350464754-236156