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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+97.2%
€150.85
vs €76.50 price
Levered DCF
€46.83
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.38
Distress zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E11.63×15.14×14.17×10.46×23.33×-134.52×17.97×7.65×
P/B1.54×1.73×2.37×2.04×4.18×3.31×2.88×2.48×
P/S0.78×0.92×1.31×1.32×3.2×3.01×1.68×1.11×
EV / EBITDA8.4×9.34×9.93×8.58×14.78×52.23×16.58×5.28×
Gross margin38.6%77.7%78.5%79.5%77.8%55.5%75.5%65.8%
Operating margin12.7%12.1%15.8%19.2%17.0%26.6%15.2%12.7%
Net margin6.7%6.1%9.3%12.6%13.7%-2.2%9.4%14.5%
Current ratio2.89×3.28×2.45×2.58×3.4×3.45×2.27×2.59×
Debt / equity1.68×1.47×1.65×1.27×1.15×1.71×2.36×2.08×
Interest coverage3.68×3.13×5.11×14.68×10.28×10.93×11.8×10.21×
Dividend yield3.8%5.0%6.0%4.3%0.0%0.0%2.4%5.9%
Payout ratio44.5%75.2%85.7%45.1%0.3%-2.5%43.2%45.5%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity13.3%11.5%16.7%19.5%17.9%-2.4%16.1%32.4%
Return on invested capital6.7%6.6%7.0%9.1%7.3%10.8%5.3%7.3%
Return on assets4.0%3.7%5.2%6.9%6.9%-0.8%3.7%8.2%
Free cash flow yield-5.2%26.8%-3.2%-6.6%0.6%14.0%-2.1%-12.3%
Earnings yield8.6%6.6%7.1%9.6%4.3%-0.7%5.6%13.1%
Enterprise value€6.8B€6.7B€8B€6.5B€9B€6.2B€7.5B€5.9B
Net debt / EBITDA4.29×4.16×4.06×3.26×2.84×13.61×7.25×2.34×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-5-135-1011,9481,8691,118857831