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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+174.7%
€525.29
vs €191.20 price
Levered DCF
€418.60
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.84
Grey zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E10.15×13.72×21.78×11.55×16.99×25.09×18.12×13.01×
P/B1.44×1.79×2.13×1.55×1.94×1.92×2.12×1.26×
P/S0.53×0.6×0.69×0.56×0.68×0.63×0.65×0.4×
EV / EBITDA5.42×5.77×8.67×6.31×7.61×8.14×8.03×6.83×
Gross margin17.3%29.0%14.7%15.3%14.2%13.6%15.5%12.8%
Operating margin8.6%8.0%5.7%7.4%6.9%6.0%6.9%6.1%
Net margin5.3%4.3%3.2%4.9%4.0%2.5%3.6%3.1%
Current ratio0.93×0.9×0.76×0.89×0.89×0.96×0.89×0.85×
Debt / equity0.57×0.64×0.87×0.49×0.55×0.71×0.77×0.61×
Interest coverage11.09×7.05×8.46×20.74×17.06×13.24×13.21×15.16×
Dividend yield3.0%2.7%2.2%2.3%1.3%0.0%1.3%3.0%
Payout ratio30.4%37.4%47.6%26.2%21.7%0.0%23.5%38.9%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity14.2%13.0%9.8%13.4%11.4%7.6%11.7%9.7%
Return on invested capital10.1%9.9%5.2%9.2%7.1%5.5%6.7%6.1%
Return on assets5.2%4.4%3.0%5.0%3.9%2.4%3.5%3.1%
Free cash flow yield16.3%16.9%13.1%14.0%12.7%12.6%12.6%10.3%
Earnings yield9.9%7.3%4.6%8.7%5.9%4.0%5.5%7.7%
Enterprise value€3.7B€4.3B€5.4B€3.4B€3.9B€3.4B€3.8B€2.2B
Net debt / EBITDA0.99×1.1×2.3×1.01×1.36×1.77×1.83×1.89×
Cash conversion cycle (days)7755875679586269