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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-51.3%
€21.34
vs €43.82 price
Levered DCF
€19.32
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.5
Distress zone
Rating
B-
Overall 2 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E189.46×18.43×19.43×26.19×21.43×52.38×18.72×11.04×
P/B15.58×2.42×2.38×2.1×2.17×1.84×1.95×1.22×
P/S3.23×0.51×0.53×0.49×0.52×0.42×0.41×0.27×
EV / EBITDA33.57×8.06×8.51×9.49×8.66×9.38×8.67×9.28×
Gross margin4.9%86.3%8.1%86.4%87.1%3.5%4.1%3.8%
Operating margin5.8%5.5%5.4%5.3%4.8%3.0%4.8%4.2%
Net margin1.7%2.8%2.7%1.9%2.4%0.8%2.2%2.4%
Current ratio0.8×0.79×0.92×0.95×0.96×0.95×0.91×0.92×
Debt / equity1.3×1.32×1.29×1.39×1.5×1.63×1.7×1.44×
Interest coverage3.75×4.94×4.78×5.76×5.01×2.73×4.83×3.96×
Dividend yield0.5%2.9%2.7%2.7%2.5%0.0%3.2%4.9%
Payout ratio100.1%52.5%53.1%69.9%54.0%0.0%60.0%54.4%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity8.2%13.2%12.2%8.0%10.1%3.5%10.4%11.0%
Return on invested capital5.8%6.0%5.6%5.0%3.9%1.6%3.9%5.1%
Return on assets1.7%2.7%2.6%1.7%2.0%0.6%1.8%2.1%
Free cash flow yield2.2%16.5%14.1%12.9%12.3%17.6%12.8%17.4%
Earnings yield0.5%5.4%5.1%3.8%4.6%1.9%5.3%9.0%
Enterprise value€35.5B€7.1B€6.4B€5.4B€5B€4.1B€4.4B€3.1B
Net debt / EBITDA1.9×2.32×2.33×2.53×2.37×2.99×3.13×3.98×
Cash conversion cycle (days)44-5062-110-105656668