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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+352.8%
€38.26
vs €8.45 price
Levered DCF
€29.31
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.04
Grey zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E9.78×8.47×7.89×5.02×9.25×9.02×12.27×15.05×
P/B1.12×1.06×1.1×0.88×1.34×1.24×1.51×1.51×
P/S1.07×0.99×0.98×0.64×0.9×0.78×0.89×0.83×
EV / EBITDA3.92×3.71×3.99×3.03×4.11×4.26×4.76×4.59×
Gross margin36.2%56.8%56.1%56.4%56.3%56.0%56.2%54.4%
Operating margin17.5%16.2%17.7%17.7%16.1%14.3%13.8%9.8%
Net margin11.0%11.8%12.5%12.9%9.7%8.7%7.3%5.5%
Current ratio0.83×0.97×0.77×0.6×0.61×0.74×0.87×0.82×
Debt / equity0.49×0.53×0.6×0.71×1.08×1.22×1.36×1.14×
Interest coverage9.76×8.86×8.44×13.71×7.47×6.29×6.18×5.28×
Dividend yield4.5%4.5%4.2%5.9%4.0%4.4%3.5%4.5%
Payout ratio43.5%38.3%32.9%29.3%36.5%39.3%42.7%68.8%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity11.4%12.6%14.0%17.7%14.6%13.9%12.4%9.9%
Return on invested capital9.0%8.5%8.5%9.8%7.2%6.9%5.9%5.0%
Return on assets6.0%6.4%6.8%7.6%5.3%4.7%3.9%3.3%
Free cash flow yield14.8%17.5%12.2%25.9%17.5%21.3%14.6%12.5%
Earnings yield10.2%11.8%12.7%20.0%10.9%11.2%8.2%6.6%
Enterprise value€8.2B€7.6B€7.7B€5.6B€7B€6.7B€7.5B€6.4B
Net debt / EBITDA1.07×1.12×1.35×1.31×1.66×2.04×2.21×1.94×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-19-24-24-27-111-25-28