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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-3.9%
€125.95
vs €131.10 price
Levered DCF
€250.51
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.86
Grey zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E12.1×5.48×8.15×5.94×15.26×14.73×10.05×12.99×
P/B1.39×1.07×1.56×1.23×2.89×2.07×1.89×3.17×
P/S0.79×0.52×0.72×0.52×1.16×0.94×0.72×1.05×
EV / EBITDA6.65×3.48×4.9×3.69×9.68×9.1×7.19×9.96×
Gross margin8.8%34.5%33.7%32.5%32.5%7.9%31.6%32.1%
Operating margin9.2%12.7%12.1%10.7%12.2%9.4%9.0%9.9%
Net margin6.5%9.5%8.9%8.8%7.6%6.4%7.2%8.1%
Current ratio2.52×2.54×2.22×1.87×1.84×1.91×1.99×1.79×
Debt / equity0.18×0.11×0.1×0.24×0.22×0.21×0.25×0.36×
Interest coverage53.32×81.8×91.89×148.35×155.65×79.79×58.49×49.37×
Dividend yield2.3%3.3%2.7%5.8%1.2%1.9%2.3%1.0%
Payout ratio28.2%18.1%21.9%34.2%19.0%27.7%23.1%13.3%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity11.5%19.6%19.2%20.8%18.9%14.0%18.7%24.4%
Return on invested capital9.6%17.0%17.1%15.2%19.1%12.8%14.4%18.3%
Return on assets7.3%13.0%12.2%11.9%10.1%8.0%10.3%11.8%
Free cash flow yield18.2%-0.4%5.0%6.7%10.1%11.5%5.5%4.7%
Earnings yield8.3%18.2%12.3%16.8%6.6%6.8%9.9%7.7%
Enterprise value€2.6B€2B€2.3B€1.5B€3.1B€1.9B€1.7B€2.5B
Net debt / EBITDA-0.71×-0.08×-0.41×-0.3×-1.09×-0.56×0.06×0.29×
Cash conversion cycle (days)80126836022496256