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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+11.4%
€4.50
vs €4.04 price
Levered DCF
€3.70
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.77
Grey zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E17.6×8.83×16.81×18.24×27.78×21.64×11.09×15.31×
P/B2.28×1.44×2.21×2.81×5.36×3.09×1.24×1.78×
P/S0.3×0.21×0.29×0.39×0.69×0.34×0.13×0.17×
EV / EBITDA9.86×6.46×9.13×11.09×16.91×13.18×5.7×15.17×
Gross margin14.9%15.4%15.3%14.8%14.1%11.9%10.8%10.3%
Operating margin3.0%3.0%2.7%2.6%2.3%2.2%2.4%1.8%
Net margin1.7%2.3%1.8%2.2%2.5%1.5%1.3%1.1%
Current ratio0.99×0.88×0.88×0.99×0.92×0.88×1.03×1.07×
Debt / equity1.27×1.01×1.15×1.09×0.98×1.08×1.01×1.11×
Interest coverage4.47×3.37×2.75×6.02×6.25×6.51×6.15×11.87×
Dividend yield0.6%0.9%0.7%0.6%0.4%0.3%0.0%0.0%
Payout ratio9.9%7.9%10.8%10.2%11.9%7.2%0.0%0.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity12.6%16.0%13.5%15.7%19.1%13.7%11.6%11.6%
Return on invested capital8.0%8.5%7.7%6.4%6.6%6.5%7.1%5.7%
Return on assets2.9%4.5%3.5%4.1%5.1%3.3%2.8%2.6%
Free cash flow yield4.9%3.8%2.8%7.7%2.8%8.0%44.9%-5.1%
Earnings yield5.5%11.1%6.1%5.6%3.6%4.5%9.4%6.5%
Enterprise value€1.3B€882M€1B€1B€1.5B€782.7M€292.4M€324M
Net debt / EBITDA2.59×2.22×2.62×2.29×1.87×2.66×1.34×2.77×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-294101282623