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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+102.0%
€49.34
vs €24.42 price
Levered DCF
€66.53
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.25
Distress zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E16.78×-55.96×17.5×9.59×15.67×22.21×13.75×40.6×
P/B1.02×0.57×0.84×0.74×1.46×1.43×1.35×1.78×
P/S0.78×0.43×0.67×0.6×1.16×1.2×1.12×1.49×
EV / EBITDA7.59×5.72×5.73×5.12×6.72×7.74×6.09×7.97×
Gross margin28.9%31.7%33.1%34.0%34.7%29.8%34.0%34.2%
Operating margin8.5%10.1%12.1%13.2%14.7%10.7%15.6%15.8%
Net margin4.7%-0.8%3.7%6.2%7.4%5.4%8.2%3.7%
Current ratio0.67×1.06×0.91×0.91×0.99×1.01×1.08×1.05×
Debt / equity0.96×0.81×0.67×0.59×0.53×0.43×0.49×0.47×
Interest coverage3.02×4.33×8.01×20.69×24.01×15.44×23.52×25.75×
Dividend yield6.9%3.2%2.1%2.6%1.4%1.5%0.2%2.2%
Payout ratio115.3%-181.6%37.1%25.4%22.5%32.2%2.4%90.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity6.1%-1.0%4.8%7.7%9.3%6.4%9.8%4.4%
Return on invested capital3.9%1.2%4.6%5.5%6.6%4.7%6.8%6.3%
Return on assets2.4%-0.4%2.1%3.5%4.3%3.1%4.6%2.3%
Free cash flow yield7.7%6.6%0.7%-2.4%9.1%7.4%9.9%2.8%
Earnings yield6.0%-1.8%5.6%10.4%6.4%4.5%7.3%2.5%
Enterprise value€9.2B€6.5B€7.4B€6.3B€8.8B€8.3B€7.8B€9.6B
Net debt / EBITDA3.66×3.33×2.52×2.25×1.71×1.69×1.56×1.63×
Cash conversion cycle (days)2011272618262117