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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+10.3%
€73.67
vs €66.80 price
Levered DCF
€33.74
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
3.27
Safe zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E13.36×8.32×9.96×10.08×12.79×9.44×14.1×18.29×
P/B1.2×0.88×0.87×1.06×1.91×1.45×1.78×1.61×
P/S0.7×0.51×0.47×0.52×0.96×0.72×0.81×0.72×
EV / EBITDA6.27×4.35×5.28×6.09×7.04×5.39×7.98×9.44×
Gross margin59.1%58.5%53.2%24.5%26.3%26.8%25.9%54.5%
Operating margin7.9%9.0%7.2%7.5%10.8%10.5%9.1%5.9%
Net margin5.2%6.2%4.7%5.2%7.5%7.6%5.7%3.9%
Current ratio1.87×1.74×1.59×1.56×1.71×1.82×1.73×1.83×
Debt / equity0.27×0.29×0.37×0.4×0.28×0.32×0.48×0.54×
Interest coverage11.12×11.8×9.81×38.87×63.35×35.94×21.87×16.98×
Dividend yield2.7%3.3%3.6%3.6%1.9%2.4%2.2%2.6%
Payout ratio36.2%27.4%35.7%35.9%23.7%22.6%31.6%48.3%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity9.0%10.5%8.8%10.5%14.9%15.3%12.6%8.8%
Return on invested capital7.2%8.3%6.7%7.5%11.3%11.1%9.2%6.0%
Return on assets5.9%6.8%5.4%6.1%9.0%9.1%6.8%4.6%
Free cash flow yield3.6%15.7%12.7%-13.2%1.7%14.9%6.0%-0.3%
Earnings yield7.5%12.0%10.0%9.9%7.8%10.6%7.1%5.5%
Enterprise value€388.4M€282M€282.5M€326.2M€444.8M€296.5M€354.9M€303.6M
Net debt / EBITDA0.57×0.57×1.07×1.32×0.37×0.4×1.23×1.72×
Cash conversion cycle (days)13312111697757187121