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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-45.6%
€34.66
vs €63.70 price
Levered DCF
€31.04
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
8.09
Safe zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E26.7×27.5×29.41×31.81×49.35×44.34×34.14×19.7×
P/B4.9×5.69×5.37×5.7×8.38×7.08×5.75×3.16×
P/S2.68×3.11×2.66×2.78×4.39×3.83×2.82×1.66×
EV / EBITDA14.39×16.68×14.21×15.28×26.7×23.05×17.85×10.95×
Gross margin55.2%56.3%55.8%54.8%55.2%56.1%54.8%53.1%
Operating margin14.1%14.7%12.3%12.2%11.4%11.8%10.2%11.2%
Net margin10.0%11.3%9.0%8.8%8.9%8.6%8.3%8.5%
Current ratio1.99×2.11×2.47×1.45×1.97×2.16×1.44×1.51×
Debt / equity0.33×0.42×0.23×0.25×0.22×0.28×0.26×0.22×
Interest coverage4.02×28.59×5.6×62.5×50.1×44.8×45.67×389×
Dividend yield1.9%1.5%1.8%1.7%1.1%1.5%1.8%6.5%
Payout ratio51.7%42.7%53.4%54.7%56.4%67.1%62.1%127.5%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity18.3%20.6%18.3%17.9%17.0%16.0%16.9%16.1%
Return on invested capital14.3%14.5%15.2%14.6%14.0%12.9%13.0%12.7%
Return on assets10.2%10.8%11.0%10.2%9.6%9.3%9.3%8.8%
Free cash flow yield4.3%-0.3%4.9%1.1%3.2%0.7%1.3%2.6%
Earnings yield3.7%3.6%3.4%3.2%2.0%2.3%2.9%5.1%
Enterprise value€1.6B€1.8B€1.4B€1.4B€1.9B€1.5B€1.1B€545.5M
Net debt / EBITDA0.13×0.38×-0.28×0.09×-0.39×0.18×-0.08×-0.65×
Cash conversion cycle (days)13813314914413314743123