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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+28.8%
€37.27
vs €28.94 price
Levered DCF
€49.31
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
1.91
Grey zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E18.64×15.35×13.46×13.1×19.15×15.07×15.94×17.56×
P/B2.02×1.65×1.87×1.77×4.25×3.07×3.07×2.84×
P/S1×0.8×0.87×0.87×1.43×0.93×0.9×0.81×
EV / EBITDA9.57×7.72×8.37×7.67×10.72×8.7×8.15×8.67×
Gross margin26.5%27.6%25.2%24.0%25.2%24.0%24.2%23.0%
Operating margin10.2%8.4%9.2%8.6%10.1%8.5%7.9%6.3%
Net margin5.4%5.2%6.5%6.6%7.5%6.2%5.7%4.6%
Current ratio1.22×1.25×1.24×1.05×0.92×0.96×1.01×1.04×
Debt / equity0.57×0.59×0.58×0.32×0.36×0.44×0.26×0.21×
Interest coverage7.79×5.48×10.79×25.65×39.9×21.27×15.61×23.44×
Dividend yield4.8%5.8%5.0%4.1%2.4%3.4%3.0%3.1%
Payout ratio89.2%88.9%66.9%53.1%45.6%51.9%48.3%53.9%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity10.8%10.7%13.9%13.5%22.3%20.3%19.3%16.1%
Return on invested capital8.8%7.1%8.5%9.2%14.3%12.2%13.1%11.5%
Return on assets4.2%4.1%5.1%5.4%6.7%5.8%5.8%5.1%
Free cash flow yield9.2%10.4%4.7%-1.7%6.8%12.7%6.8%7.6%
Earnings yield5.3%6.5%7.4%7.6%5.3%6.6%6.3%5.7%
Enterprise value€6.1B€5.4B€5.9B€4.9B€5.6B€3.7B€3.1B€2.5B
Net debt / EBITDA1.44×1.53×1.5×0.82×-0.08×0.52×-0.12×-0.61×
Cash conversion cycle (days)118124142161138120130111