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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+30.0%
€92.95
vs €71.50 price
Levered DCF
€51.66
After debt service
Piotroski score
4 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
0.49
Distress zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E10.4×6.09×6.15×6.16×8.47×11.49×9.81×9.66×
P/B1.2×0.6×0.58×0.52×0.61×0.52×0.64×0.57×
P/S0.58×0.3×0.29×0.32×0.3×0.26×0.3×0.25×
EV / EBITDA6.28×3.34×3.52×5.02×3.96×5.65×4.79×5.04×
Gross margin100.0%100.0%100.0%75.8%82.5%83.6%84.4%84.8%
Operating margin7.8%6.8%6.6%6.5%4.8%3.3%4.8%4.8%
Net margin5.6%5.0%4.8%5.3%3.5%2.2%3.1%2.6%
Current ratio0×26.82×1.44×2.95×3.67×3.87×25.45×30.71×
Debt / equity0.26×0.27×0.31×0.59×0.38×0.38×0.37×0.59×
Interest coverage15.45×10.75×7.86×6.15×4.99×3.64×4.5×3.98×
Dividend yield2.4%5.1%5.5%6.8%3.0%5.8%3.9%5.4%
Payout ratio24.7%31.0%33.2%41.1%25.6%67.1%38.6%52.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity11.6%9.9%9.5%8.6%7.2%4.5%6.5%5.9%
Return on invested capital1.6%1.3%1.2%1.0%0.7%0.5%0.7%0.7%
Return on assets1.5%1.3%1.1%1.0%0.7%0.5%0.7%0.5%
Free cash flow yield18.8%-0.4%-11.9%-2.9%2.7%1.5%22.8%17.5%
Earnings yield9.7%16.6%16.5%16.5%11.8%8.7%10.2%10.4%
Enterprise value€9.1B€3.9B€3.6B€4B€2.7B€2.9B€3.7B€3.9B
Net debt / EBITDA0.32×-0.01×0.25×1.44×-0.67×0.46×0.57×1.72×
Cash conversion cycle (days)2116163020-1560-190