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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+89.2%
€103.13
vs €54.50 price
Levered DCF
€78.70
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
4.05
Safe zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E15.52×17.68×17.57×19.93×19.83×21.99×20.75×18.09×
P/B2.68×2.96×2.58×3.07×3.21×3.66×2.79×2.96×
P/S1.98×2.31×2.02×2.32×2.72×2.95×2.58×2.85×
EV / EBITDA9.91×9.77×10.11×10.98×10.63×11.8×11.1×10.96×
Gross margin37.3%67.6%65.7%67.6%70.8%70.1%68.0%71.1%
Operating margin16.3%16.7%15.1%15.7%18.0%17.9%15.3%18.6%
Net margin12.8%13.0%11.5%11.6%13.7%13.4%12.4%15.8%
Current ratio1.98×2.2×2.25×2.21×2.77×2.78×3.34×2.91×
Debt / equity0.29×0.23×0.21×0.18×0.13×0.14×0.14×0.15×
Interest coverage20.67×19.43×26.77×123.3×189.97×110.45×66.27×68.57×
Dividend yield2.1%2.2%3.6%3.0%3.0%4.1%3.4%3.5%
Payout ratio32.0%38.3%63.5%60.6%58.9%89.3%70.4%63.5%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity17.2%16.8%14.7%15.4%16.2%16.6%13.5%16.3%
Return on invested capital14.4%12.6%12.5%12.6%13.2%13.6%10.9%13.3%
Return on assets11.1%11.2%10.0%10.3%11.4%11.8%9.7%12.0%
Free cash flow yield4.3%5.8%2.8%0.2%4.8%4.6%5.3%2.4%
Earnings yield6.4%5.7%5.7%5.0%5.0%4.6%4.8%5.5%
Enterprise value€2.7B€2.9B€2.6B€2.9B€2.7B€2.7B€2.2B€2.3B
Net debt / EBITDA0.76×0.52×0.57×0.42×0.06×0.23×0.3×0.38×
Cash conversion cycle (days)244384388346346367375445