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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+27.7%
€21.08
vs €16.51 price
Levered DCF
€24.76
After debt service
Piotroski score
4 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
0.7
Distress zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E5.49×-26.9×-3.6×-25.91×13.59×12.04×25.4×10.32×
P/B0.74×1×0.88×0.55×0.91×1.61×1.49×1.26×
P/S4.11×4.04×4.33×3.36×8.38×12.34×10.38×8.8×
EV / EBITDA19.64×31.02×-8.14×49.21×7.82×11.44×9.43×8.75×
Gross margin50.1%37.9%47.1%55.6%61.6%66.0%66.6%64.8%
Operating margin35.8%16.9%33.7%-7.1%166.4%173.6%122.4%35.6%
Net margin74.8%-15.1%-120.2%-13.0%74.0%103.9%40.8%85.2%
Current ratio0.97×1.06×1.34×0.98×0.75×0.61×0.39×0.42×
Debt / equity1.58×1.8×1.7×1.46×1.43×1.02×1.19×1.07×
Interest coverage47.26×1.14×2.16×-0.58×12.6×13.03×8.5×2.5×
Dividend yield3.2%2.1%1.6%3.9%1.7%1.3%1.4%1.7%
Payout ratio17.4%-56.5%-5.9%-100.4%19.2%15.9%35.2%17.4%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity13.6%-3.7%-24.5%-2.1%8.1%13.5%5.8%12.2%
Return on invested capital1.9%1.1%1.4%-0.3%3.0%5.9%2.7%1.2%
Return on assets4.0%-1.0%-6.8%-0.7%2.5%5.2%2.1%4.7%
Free cash flow yield6.4%10.0%8.4%10.7%4.8%3.0%4.8%3.5%
Earnings yield18.2%-3.7%-27.8%-3.9%8.8%8.4%3.9%9.7%
Enterprise value€60.5B€65.5B€64.8B€61.8B€76.8B€63B€53.9B€43.6B
Net debt / EBITDA13.01×19.65×-5.3×35.44×4.73×4.39×4.15×3.96×
Cash conversion cycle (days)2582072723482181535732