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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-35.4%
€26.42
vs €40.90 price
Levered DCF
€25.32
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
3.1
Safe zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E20.48×21.2×13.69×12.62×17.87×34.4×19.61×13.51×
P/B1.26×1.49×1.76×1.73×3.01×2.27×2.44×1.94×
P/S0.99×1.21×1.3×1.24×2.16×1.54×1.56×1.16×
EV / EBITDA7.32×7.85×7.84×8.04×13.05×12.28×11.56×9.29×
Gross margin62.9%63.2%62.4%62.4%61.8%61.6%62.8%62.5%
Operating margin8.4%9.3%13.9%13.8%17.0%7.2%11.3%11.9%
Net margin4.8%5.7%9.5%9.8%12.1%4.5%7.9%8.6%
Current ratio1.52×1.38×1.6×1.48×1.26×1.14×1.3×1.35×
Debt / equity0.45×0.27×0.29×0.38×0.26×0.38×0.45×0.39×
Interest coverage5.63×9.81×13.79×21.73×36.94×10.24×13.89×19.01×
Dividend yield4.0%3.3%2.8%4.6%1.0%2.2%1.9%2.2%
Payout ratio82.9%69.8%38.9%57.5%18.4%75.4%36.7%30.2%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity6.1%7.0%12.8%13.7%16.8%6.6%12.5%14.4%
Return on invested capital5.0%6.0%10.2%9.7%12.8%5.3%8.6%10.2%
Return on assets3.4%4.2%7.6%7.5%9.9%3.6%6.5%7.6%
Free cash flow yield5.6%4.5%5.9%1.1%2.1%6.4%5.0%6.0%
Earnings yield4.9%4.7%7.3%7.9%5.6%2.9%5.1%7.4%
Enterprise value€4B€4.4B€4.9B€4.8B€6.9B€4.6B€5.2B€3.8B
Net debt / EBITDA1.78×1.07×0.93×1.33×0.93×1.62×1.7×1.44×
Cash conversion cycle (days)152186190209152144154152