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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-105450.1%
-€3,165.77
vs €3.01 price
Levered DCF
-€1,557.54
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.33
Grey zone
Rating
—
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018FY2017
P/E13.03×13.72×27.79×37.2×32.68×12.06×10.18×7.66×
P/B1.56×1.94×4.02×3.43×3.05×1.33×1.46×1.63×
P/S0.75×1.25×2.95×4.05×2.87×1.09×0.86×0.89×
EV / EBITDA10.72×10.49×17.16×24.23×18.77×7.97×5.85×5.73×
Gross margin47.7%62.1%33.9%34.5%29.7%31.5%52.6%52.4%
Operating margin14.3%29.3%35.2%14.7%11.9%14.4%20.3%16.9%
Net margin5.7%9.1%10.6%10.9%8.8%9.0%8.5%11.6%
Current ratio6.17×11.06×7.18×7.82×9.39×5.17×5.26×4.62×
Debt / equity1.48×1.11×1.05×0.66×0.52×0.86×0.7×0.67×
Interest coverage5.04×12.09×14.53×8.59×8×9.78×16.97×14.64×
Dividend yield1.7%1.3%0.7%0.8%0.8%2.3%2.4%2.9%
Payout ratio21.6%18.3%18.4%30.1%27.1%28.2%24.0%22.5%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018FY2017
Return on equity12.0%14.1%14.5%9.2%9.4%11.0%14.3%21.4%
Return on invested capital7.5%12.9%13.3%4.7%4.9%5.4%12.1%13.3%
Return on assets3.9%5.5%5.4%4.6%5.3%4.7%6.6%9.8%
Free cash flow yield-2.2%-18.0%-3.2%-10.8%9.0%-19.0%-22.7%23.2%
Earnings yield7.7%7.3%3.6%2.7%3.1%8.3%9.8%13.1%
Enterprise value€572.2M€551M€775.6M€595.7M€447.9M€216.8M€187.3M€150.5M
Net debt / EBITDA4.48×3.36×2.02×3.3×0.84×2.92×1.8×0.78×
Cash conversion cycle (days)522666555799437596500353