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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+9.4%
€291.72
vs €266.60 price
Levered DCF
€82.98
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.02
Distress zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E12.79×13.54×13.09×7.49×13.75×17.75×11.72×15.08×
P/B1.33×1.18×1.06×1.15×1.41×1.14×1.34×1.38×
P/S1.27×1.03×1×1.21×1.3×1.04×1.08×0.98×
EV / EBITDA12.39×10.33×13.2×12.33×14.48×22×13.96×13.09×
Gross margin13.7%34.6%36.1%8.5%9.5%5.4%21.4%48.8%
Operating margin13.6%7.9%8.2%8.3%9.5%5.4%8.8%9.2%
Net margin9.9%7.6%7.6%16.1%9.4%5.9%9.2%6.5%
Current ratio0.76×0.76×0.68×0.64×0.6×0.66×0.64×0.6×
Debt / equity1.86×1.89×1.97×1.93×2.38×2.54×2.39×2.28×
Interest coverage4.5×2.3×2.84×6.34×7.26×3.36×3.92×3.3×
Dividend yield1.6%1.8%2.0%1.7%1.4%1.9%1.7%1.7%
Payout ratio21.0%24.2%25.7%12.9%19.1%33.4%19.4%25.2%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity10.4%8.7%8.1%15.3%10.3%6.5%11.4%9.1%
Return on invested capital3.7%2.3%2.2%2.1%2.1%1.0%2.4%5.2%
Return on assets2.8%2.3%2.1%4.0%2.4%1.4%2.6%2.0%
Free cash flow yield3.6%17.7%4.2%3.6%8.1%8.1%1.4%-1.8%
Earnings yield7.8%7.4%7.6%13.4%7.3%5.6%8.5%6.6%
Enterprise value€16.7B€12.9B€13.9B€13.1B€14.1B€12.3B€12B€11.1B
Net debt / EBITDA6.78×5.34×8.24×7.34×8.75×14.69×8.57×7.93×
Cash conversion cycle (days)2649925621725225317837