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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+7.4%
€65.79
vs €61.24 price
Levered DCF
€68.33
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.33
Grey zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E15.96×18.28×28.89×31.12×21.54×26.71×37.3×2.69×
P/B2.17×2.16×2.95×2.52×3.29×2.93×3.04×1.52×
P/S1×0.92×1.2×1.01×1.86×1.97×2.08×1.94×
EV / EBITDA8.67×9.98×11.9×14.51×13.23×13.67×16.09×20.55×
Gross margin39.9%40.5%39.7%36.2%40.2%44.4%42.8%42.4%
Operating margin7.6%8.6%9.6%6.5%11.7%11.3%9.1%6.5%
Net margin6.3%5.1%4.1%3.2%8.6%7.4%5.8%72.1%
Current ratio1.44×1.23×1.06×1.09×1.1×1.64×1.58×3.16×
Debt / equity1.04×1.17×1.29×1.36×0.65×0.5×0.35×0.2×
Interest coverage3.89×4.83×5.36×6.68×15.11×9.93×7.38×6.58×
Dividend yield3.3%3.9%2.7%3.2%2.0%2.2%7.4%3.5%
Payout ratio53.4%71.0%77.6%99.4%43.9%58.1%264.0%9.5%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity13.6%11.8%10.2%8.1%15.3%11.0%8.5%56.4%
Return on invested capital4.8%5.8%5.7%4.0%8.2%7.0%5.9%3.1%
Return on assets4.6%3.8%3.0%2.4%6.0%4.8%4.2%35.5%
Free cash flow yield6.0%3.7%6.5%-0.3%1.8%5.7%-0.9%0.0%
Earnings yield6.3%5.5%3.5%3.2%4.6%3.7%2.8%37.2%
Enterprise value€13.4B€14B€16.8B€15.4B€20.2B€18.1B€20.3B€17.6B
Net debt / EBITDA2.1×2.91×2.87×4.18×1.57×0.97×0.75×-0.46×
Cash conversion cycle (days)2419405586793318