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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+1006.0%
€1,636.83
vs €148.00 price
Levered DCF
€2,063.32
After debt service
Piotroski score
9 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
1.67
Distress zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E8.84×5×4.59×4.98×5.17×8.73×7.63×9.07×
P/B0.35×0.29×0.39×0.29×0.24×0.25×0.31×0.28×
P/S0.24×0.19×0.23×0.16×0.15×0.16×0.18×0.19×
EV / EBITDA2.1×1.75×2.05×2.77×2.36×3.09×3.26×2.64×
Gross margin4.3%50.9%51.8%49.7%52.1%53.5%50.4%51.4%
Operating margin2.1%5.4%13.5%4.9%4.2%2.1%3.4%2.5%
Net margin2.7%3.8%5.1%3.2%2.8%1.8%2.4%2.1%
Current ratio3.14×2.74×2.51×2.26×2.13×2.23×2.28×2.75×
Debt / equity0.33×0.39×0.41×0.48×0.59×0.69×0.62×0.29×
Interest coverage4.07×10.38×31.25×20.98×20.37×9.53×12.24×12.57×
Dividend yield4.4%4.8%2.5%3.1%3.2%3.2%11.4%10.0%
Payout ratio39.3%24.1%11.5%15.4%16.4%27.6%86.9%91.1%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity3.9%5.9%8.4%5.7%4.7%2.9%4.1%3.1%
Return on invested capital1.7%4.2%11.3%3.9%2.9%1.7%2.5%2.3%
Return on assets2.4%3.3%4.6%3.0%2.3%1.4%2.0%1.8%
Free cash flow yield20.1%24.5%37.1%-5.7%34.2%16.5%12.0%-14.2%
Earnings yield11.3%20.0%21.8%20.1%19.3%11.5%13.1%11.0%
Enterprise value€188.5M€177.1M€239.6M€240.6M€178.2M€197M€209.9M€116.2M
Net debt / EBITDA-0.03×0.2×0.36×1.22×0.94×1.4×1.24×0.07×
Cash conversion cycle (days)138216231235209228198231