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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-15.7%
€255.23
vs €302.60 price
Levered DCF
€663.17
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
1.16
Distress zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E21.87×16.74×20.91×18.35×13.05×24.64×13.65×17.51×
P/B3.21×2.44×2.53×2.19×1.49×1.64×2.19×2.35×
P/S2.88×2.48×3.02×1.89×1.09×1.36×1.32×1.96×
EV / EBITDA24.53×18.51×13.22×12.15×5.94×11.31×7.21×14.64×
Gross margin7.7%37.8%37.6%8.6%13.2%2.3%12.5%34.8%
Operating margin8.0%8.4%7.3%8.1%6.9%4.7%10.3%9.1%
Net margin13.2%14.8%14.4%10.3%8.4%5.5%9.7%11.2%
Current ratio1.06×1.06×1.07×1.12×1.14×1.14×1.12×1.13×
Debt / equity0.03×0.04×0.05×0.04×0.04×0.06×0.13×0.23×
Interest coverage79.74×-3.43×55.02×14.92×127.26×6.17×10.14×4.93×
Dividend yield1.7%1.7%1.7%1.6%1.3%0.0%1.8%1.3%
Payout ratio37.8%28.7%35.4%28.9%16.9%0.0%24.7%22.1%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity14.7%14.6%12.1%11.9%11.4%6.6%16.0%13.4%
Return on invested capital7.0%6.7%4.9%7.2%6.8%4.3%10.3%7.2%
Return on assets3.0%3.2%3.0%3.2%3.7%2.2%4.6%3.4%
Free cash flow yield7.7%9.9%-7.0%37.5%18.9%-13.9%-2.9%11.1%
Earnings yield4.6%6.0%4.8%5.4%7.7%4.1%7.3%5.7%
Enterprise value€19.6B€14.1B€13.3B€9.4B€4.1B€5B€6.8B€8B
Net debt / EBITDA-2.2×-1.8×-1.19×-4.84×-5.49×-5.45×-3.18×-3.64×
Cash conversion cycle (days)894622575414339109332369