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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+43.7%
€132.22
vs €92.00 price
Levered DCF
€110.07
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.25
Distress zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E8.63×10.08×10.81×10.04×10.75×14.84×14.72×10.89×
P/B1.09×1.1×1.11×0.98×1.38×1.39×1.58×1.09×
P/S1.95×1.98×2.1×1.8×2.48×2.89×2.89×1.92×
EV / EBITDA6.01×7.79×8.87×14.86×15.04×14.82×17.58×13.54×
Gross margin51.4%53.8%53.8%52.0%53.8%55.1%54.7%52.2%
Operating margin28.3%26.0%25.4%24.1%27.9%26.4%26.4%24.8%
Net margin22.6%19.6%19.4%18.0%23.1%19.5%19.7%17.6%
Current ratio1.22×0.26×0.82×2.6×0.53×0.69×4.41×2.29×
Debt / equity0.16×0.2×0.19×1.11×1.14×0.57×1.1×0.84×
Interest coverage12.78×9.95×14.57×26.3×32.35×24.43×42.91×55.24×
Dividend yield6.3%6.4%6.6%7.7%4.0%0.0%4.1%5.7%
Payout ratio54.4%64.0%71.3%77.4%42.8%0.0%60.4%62.4%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity12.6%10.9%10.2%9.7%12.8%9.4%10.8%10.0%
Return on invested capital4.6%8.6%4.0%4.1%5.9%3.8%2.8%5.5%
Return on assets4.1%3.4%3.2%3.8%4.8%3.1%4.0%4.1%
Free cash flow yield12.6%11.6%11.8%-2.2%13.0%8.9%6.6%6.2%
Earnings yield11.6%9.9%9.3%10.0%9.3%6.7%6.8%9.2%
Enterprise value€13.9B€14.1B€14.2B€22.5B€25.9B€19B€23.9B€16.5B
Net debt / EBITDA0.05×0.54×1.02×7.75×6.5×4.31×7.19×5.9×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-145-197-102-408-593-204-11671