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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-37.4%
€50.68
vs €81.00 price
Levered DCF
€46.43
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.43
Grey zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E14.29×9.76×10.67×12.93×13.84×18.02×30.24×18.24×
P/B2.83×2.13×2.5×2.87×2.86×2.96×3.2×3.08×
P/S0.88×0.58×0.63×0.7×0.7×0.56×0.58×0.67×
EV / EBITDA8.87×4.87×5.16×6.24×6.46×7.09×8.3×8.77×
Gross margin18.5%49.3%45.9%47.9%48.7%45.4%50.1%50.4%
Operating margin6.4%6.7%17.4%7.2%7.2%5.7%3.7%5.3%
Net margin5.8%6.0%5.9%5.4%5.0%3.1%1.9%3.7%
Current ratio1.13×1.17×1.18×1.18×1.22×1.26×1.2×1.12×
Debt / equity0.32×0.36×0.52×0.7×0.87×1.22×1.34×1.07×
Interest coverage8.17×9.6×20.76×7.63×7.84×6.15×2.96×4.86×
Dividend yield3.7%5.1%3.8%3.1%2.2%1.3%4.1%3.9%
Payout ratio55.5%50.1%40.8%39.8%30.5%24.0%122.4%70.6%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity18.6%21.8%23.4%22.2%20.7%16.5%10.6%16.9%
Return on invested capital8.5%11.4%27.8%10.7%9.4%7.8%4.6%6.5%
Return on assets5.0%6.1%6.0%4.8%4.2%2.9%1.8%3.2%
Free cash flow yield6.5%9.4%3.8%10.5%9.3%10.0%18.1%-2.9%
Earnings yield6.6%10.2%9.4%7.7%7.2%5.6%3.3%5.5%
Enterprise value€6.6B€4.5B€5.1B€5.3B€4.8B€4.1B€4.3B€4.6B
Net debt / EBITDA-0.51×-0.38×-0.37×-0.02×0.38×0.65×0.81×1.05×
Cash conversion cycle (days)13813010911811790112142