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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-266.5%
-€35.74
vs €21.46 price
Levered DCF
-€75.58
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
1.43
Distress zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E11.09×16.18×16.99×15.71×29.62×47.26×50.52×71.46×
P/B1.25×0.99×1.52×2.34×2.16×3.69×3.59×3.74×
P/S2.49×1.89×2.23×2.92×4.34×5.48×4.84×4.37×
EV / EBITDA7.65×9.71×9.35×10.08×12.81×18.97×14.37×16.01×
Gross margin31.4%38.9%52.3%48.7%51.2%48.6%49.2%52.6%
Operating margin33.5%22.9%23.0%26.1%28.1%30.9%26.0%19.6%
Net margin22.4%11.7%13.2%16.2%14.7%11.7%9.5%6.1%
Current ratio1.27×0.87×1.1×0.76×0.98×0.46×0.45×0.47×
Debt / equity0.81×0.93×0.86×0.52×0.6×1.72×1.67×1.61×
Interest coverage4.25×4.24×7.1×13.61×9.03×2.28×2.02×1.71×
Dividend yield2.0%3.3%3.2%0.9%2.4%1.1%1.3%0.4%
Payout ratio21.8%52.7%54.6%16.7%71.9%52.0%65.3%26.6%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity11.2%6.1%9.0%12.9%7.3%7.9%7.1%5.2%
Return on invested capital6.8%4.0%5.2%8.8%5.1%4.5%4.7%3.5%
Return on assets4.5%2.2%3.6%6.2%3.4%2.1%2.1%1.6%
Free cash flow yield-8.2%-16.4%-17.4%1.5%1.3%-0.7%2.5%0.9%
Earnings yield9.0%6.2%5.9%5.5%3.4%2.1%2.0%1.4%
Enterprise value€11.6B€10.7B€13.2B€16.1B€13.1B€13.7B€13.8B€13.6B
Net debt / EBITDA2.84×4.48×3.04×1.52×2.32×5.6×4.35×4.64×
Cash conversion cycle (days)682383-17-10-15-5-27